Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay - 1602 Words

Case Analysis: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Bryan Wood Abnormal Psychology Professor Powell April 14, 2015 Bryan Wood Mr. Powell PSY 322 April 14, 2015 Case Analysis: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) â€Å"During a panic attack, the first thing you want to do is get out of the situation that is causing it. However, since most professors find it disrespectful to leave during class, I had to sit for an hour and half in this agonizing state†¦It was as if I had terminal cancer that could not be cured.† (Gregg, 2015). This account, told through the eyes of Stacy Gregg, a once anxious college student, personifies the unrelenting and paralyzing symptoms that can come along with generalized anxiety disorder (also known†¦show more content†¦This data implies that GAD definitely has a biological factor to it, however it is also clear that onset of the disorder can be contributed to stressful life experiences, relationships, and poverty. For example, a recent Princeton study revealed that mothers in poverty have a greater risk of developing GAD (Tucker, 2012). While GAD does have biological and environmental factors and the exact cause of the disorder is unknown, it st ill revolves around a common factor (anxiety) and, with the proper treatment, anxiety can be managed. Before discussing treatment options for generalized anxiety disorder it is necessary to have a concrete grasp on the exact symptoms associated with the disorder as well as the courses it may take. The DSM IV categorizes GAD as an, â€Å"Excessive anxiety about a number of events or activities, occurring more days than not, for at least 6 months.† (Jess Rowney, 2015) As with Stacy, GAD can often co-occur with panic attack disorder (as well as other anxiety disorders) and includes symptoms of excessive and irrational worry (Staff, 2015). However, GAD is still a distinct disorder. For example, while panic attack disorder is typically attributed to worry about worrying, GAD is attributed to stressful life experiences. The actual severity of said stressful experience and the anxiety it warrants can seem arbitrary to the person with disorder. According to a 2011 Pfizer study, measu ring anxietyShow MoreRelatedGeneralized Anxiety Disorder771 Words   |  3 Pagescountry are affected, it is estimated that â€Å"5% - 6% of teens ages 13-18 are affected by this troubling disorder, not including the teens that receive no treatment,† (â€Å"Generalized†). Youth that receive no treatment could be considered are under privileged. Meaning that they do not have the resources or are very limited to resources that could help them get the proper treatment for their disorder. Many of those adolescents are children that come from low income families, single family homes, or fosterRead MoreUsing Generalized Anxiety Disorder?1180 Words   |  5 Pagessmall example of what someone with Generalized Anxiety Disorder may go through on a daily business every moment during their day. The topics that are going to be covered in this paper are what is GAD and what are the signs and symptoms, how does GAD affect the ability to perform normal activities of daily living, a nd an overall summary with my assigned individual at SDC for his Intensive Learning Project. What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder â€Å"Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessiveRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder Is A Mental Disorder That1410 Words   |  6 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder is a mental disorder that affects approximately four to five percent of the general population. This disorder can be illustrated by excessive anxiety and worry that lasts a minimum of six months and deals with various events or activities. People who struggle with this disorder have difficulties controlling their worry; this worry can permeate into every action or thought which leads to increased anxiety. Moreover, people with generalized anxiety disorder exhibit at leastRead MoreQuestions On Generalized Anxiety Disorder1151 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 1 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Chinelo Onyekere Delaware County Community College Abnormal Psychology 210 Professor Doran August 8, 2015 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 2 Presenting Problems Joe Steven, is reported a continuous and extensive worry about his family responsibilities. TheRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Gad )1782 Words   |  8 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder marked by extreme anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) over a period of at least 6 months. It is accompanied by at least three of these six somatic or psychological symptoms: feeling on edge, fatigue, problems with concentration, feeling irritable, physical tension, and problems with sleep. Allgulander2012 GAD pervasive cogn dysfunction w/focus on threat and risk tow indiv/family Tension worry muscle pain sleep dist irritability PsychRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder1142 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder of shared self-reported symptoms. It goes with tension, uncontrollable worrying, sometimes muscle pain, trouble sleeping, and irritability that all together impair work ability, relations, and leisure activities. It is a common condition and there are psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders but not all patients respond to the same treatment as others. Finding a good treatment can take many months or sometimesRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Gad ) Essay2397 Words   |  10 PagesReview Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder in which an individual may feel persistent, excessive, and worry about everyday things that may not even happen. Individuals with this disorder may feel worry, excessive anxiety, and have thoughts of the worst even when there is no need for concern. A person experiencing GAD may expect a disaster. They may worry about their finances, money, health, family, work, or any issue that may come to mind. This disorder mayRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Gad )999 Words   |  4 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most diagnosed mental disorders today, and can often be closely linked to concurrent symptoms or disorders including physiological, behavioral, other anxiety disorders, depression and substance abuse. (Merino, Senra Ferreiro, 2016) (Cacioppo Fregberg, 2013, p. 688). GAD most notably produces symptoms of excessive worry and anxiety related to non-specific risks, which often leads to functional decline both socially and professionally (Roberge etRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder2902 Words   |  12 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry. This excessive worry often interferes with daily functioning, as individuals suffering GAD typically anticipate disaster, and are overly concerned about everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, family problems, friend problems, relationship problems or work difficulties.[1]Read MoreThe Anxiety Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder921 Words   |  4 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder is a disorder that I struggle with personally. It is when a person has a tense feeling of stress, and anxiety for long periods of time without any real cause of it. Even though everyone has fears, and has stress from time to time it isn’t harmful unless the anxiety and stress is keeping someone from living their life, and relaxing. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is different from other anxiety disorders because panic attacks rarely occur, and instead an overpowering sense

Poverty, Situational Poverty And Chronic Poverty - 1515 Words

Poverty varies in different social contexts through different cultures, generations, and history. People are born and raised in different parts of the world and by different people, meaning we all come from various cultures and most likely we all have different perspectives and we define poverty differently. By talking to people from the local community we came across that there are two major types of poverty, situational poverty and chronic poverty. Situational poverty is when one becomes poor because of personal factors. This can be caused by a spiral of events which leads to loss of income and material possessions. It can be brought upon from the little deaths in life such as loss of jobs, divorce, unexpected health expenses or any unexpected situational problem. Chronic poverty is a phenomenon where an individual or group is in a state of poverty over an extended period of time. In order to uncover the means of poverty we visited 3 different places. Those places included a home less shelter, food bank, and YWCA. Paying a visit to all these places opened our eyes, and gave us a distinct sense of alterity in today s culture. Having visited the St.Mary’s food bank in the Seattle Central district, we were able to get an insight on what the struggles are for the vast majority of their local community. When we first arrived, we were amazed by how many customers were in line. I thought to myself, â€Å"I cannot believe there are this many people that need help with foodShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is Not A Lack Of Character1457 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Poverty is not a lack of character. It is a lack of money, a lack of opportunity, a lack of investment. It’s when society turns its back and make you invisible.† ~Yozgat Poverty is defined by the Webster Dictionary as, â€Å"The state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions.† The United States of America measures poverty by a poverty line; if you live under the line you are considered to live in poverty and if you live above the poverty line you are notRead MoreGenerational Poverty Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerational poverty. There are a lot of key factors that lead to poverty. Poverty does not exist because people want it to. Poverty is a way of life for those who don’t know another way and feel that they don’t have a way out. Every day in society people turn their heads or frown up their nose at people who they see living in poverty because they think they are better than them and will not lift a hand to help them out. The big question is why do we do this? In most cases, the poverty line or clashRead MoreAbsolute And Relative Poverty849 Words   |  4 Pagespovert y, these people develop certain attitudes about living. â€Å"Often the attitude in generational poverty is that society owes one a living† (Payne 47). It can be hard to change within the course of a couple months. â€Å"In situational poverty, the attitude is often one of pride and a refusal to accept charity† (Payne 47). The next two types of poverty are absolute and relative poverty. â€Å"Absolute poverty refers to a set standard which is the same in all countries and which does not change over time†Read MoreHow Does Parental Involvement Impact Student Learning Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEducators, school leaders, and community leaders in high poverty, rural school districts need to develop an understanding of the culture and norms associated with poverty and how they contribute to the declining parent involvement constraining the academic achievement of students. If educators and school leaders can gain an understanding of the culture of poverty and barriers preventing parent involvement through the lenses of the poverty theory, it can be a valuable resource tool to combat theRead MorePoverty Is Associated With Laziness, Lack Of Education, And Mental Illness3117 Words   |  13 PagesTo many people, poverty is associated with laziness, lack of education, and mental illness, among many other negative characteristics (Cozzarelli, Wilkinson and Tagler 215). A large proportion of people also tend to blame the people in poverty for their hardship, rather than external factors (Cozzarelli, Wilkinson and Tagler 222). In reality, such generalizations are not always true. Darlena Cunha and her husband both worked as journalists, pulling in a combined annual income of about $120,000Read MoreEnrique s Ecological Analysis And Analysis1721 Words   |  7 PagesEnrique’s Ecological Analysis Poverty can be defined as the condition where people basic need for shelter, food, and clothing are not being met. Whereas Jensen (2009 ) define poverty as a chronic and debilitating condition that results from multiple adverse synergistic risk factors and affect the mind, body and soul. Jensen (2009) has identified six types of poverty. The six types of poverty are situational, generational, absolute, relative, urban and rural poverty. Situational is caused by a sudden crisisRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless Population, Origins And Consequences Of Homelessness1373 Words   |  6 Pagesapproximately 600,000 of the US population were living on the street, according to a survey from 2013 (Polcin). However, these rates could be even higher due to underreporting and some individuals hiding in their environments. Homelessness is usually a chronic and disabling condition that encompasses three states, such as being homeless, having unreliable housing, and moving into a stable house (Roy et al). Among the most vulnerable groups hit by homelessness are children who represent one-third of theRead MoreHomeless in The United States 1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Homeless, â€Å"children under the age of 18 accounted for 39% of the homeless population, 25% of homeless were ages 25 to 34; the same study found percentages of homeless persons aged 55 to 64 at 6%† (qtd. National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 2004). By a study in 2002 from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in the US Department of Justice, the number of homeless youth is estimated about 1,682,900. Additionally, â€Å"five to seven percent of American youths become homelessRead MorePoverty : A Complex Array Of Risk Factors3122 Words   |  13 PagesPoverty Poverty involves a complex array of risk factors that harmfully affects the population in a multitude of ways. The primary risk factors commonly associated with families living in poverty are emotional and social challenges, acute and chronic stressors, cognitive delays, and health related issues (Jensen, 2002). The culmination of risk factors makes everyday life in poverty a struggle. Those risk factors are interwoven and comprehensive while often leading to devastatingly adverse effectsRead MoreJournal 5 : Vulnerable Populations And Health Policy1266 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest meets the definition of a vulnerable population. My population of interest thus meet the definition of a vulnerable population. Most African Americans women living in Nursing homes suffer from Depression. It could be as a result from other chronic illnesses and not just a single diagnosis of Depression. Some of the most common reasons they are admitted into long-term care facilities is because of Stroke, Diabetes with amputation, Cancer, lack of care givers, lack of finances, homelessness,

Origins of Nationalism in France Free Essays

In terms of the origins of national identity in France it is agreed that the French Revolution was the single most important period of radical social and political upheaval and was henceforth a catalyst for the spread of nationalism in France aswell as throughout the rest of Europe. Despite the fact the French Revolution occurred over 200 years ago, in present day France, there remain various symbols of the revolution which have become deeply embedded in the national identity of the country.One of which being the tricolore flag which was created to oppose the flag of the King, which itself was a symbol of the Ancient Regime. We will write a custom essay sample on Origins of Nationalism in France or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pre-revolutionary France was characterised by a social structure based on class and tradition, but more importantly, it was based on inequalities which were sanctioned by the force of law. The Ancient regime in France had been based on the division of society into legal categories. Membership of the first and second estates (clergy and nobility) conferred legal and social entitlements that were not available to the Third Estate.The idea of Absolutism meant that the Monarchy was entitled to expect the obedience of the people on the grounds that the King was the agent of God’s purpose. The French Revolution was the turning point in modern history. It was the first manifestation of nationalism in the Western world; it abolished the ancient regime and thus the absolute monarchy, giving birth to the French nation in a sudden burst of enthusiasm. In 1790 all the communities of France erected an altar to the fatherland with the inscription: â€Å"The citizen is born, lives and dies for the fatherland. The revolution began a new age in French political life, the old political order in France was destroyed and replaced by a new order that was based on individual rights , representative institutions and loyalty to the nation as opposed to the Monarch. This new era fostered new political ideals summarised in the French slogan; ‘Liberte, Egalite et Fraternite which is still to this day a symbol of French nationalism. One of the key events in the development of nationalism in France which arose with the French Revolution was ‘The declaration of the rights of man of the citizen’ in 1789.This fundamental document harboured fervour that France belonged to its people, not Louis XVI and defined the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. It created shared values such as liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression and civil equality which bought the French people together as nation. Napoleon Bonaparte also had a significant role in creating a national identity in France. He was considered by some to be the ‘preserver of the French Revolution’ as he introduced the Napoleonic Code which attempted to unite the country by making everyone equal before the law.It s pread the ideals of the revolution including legal equality and economic freedom and therefore a sentiment of nationalism through France and the rest of Europe. However, often the nationalism that developed in reaction to Napoleon took one of two tracks. In some cases, it was a conservative nationalism, a desire to go back to the old ways that prevailed before Napoleon took over and started making reforms. On the other hand, there was liberal nationalism. Napoleon continued to spread some of the fruits of the French Revolution but some people wanted more: they wanted true self-government.As a result of the French Revolution and Napoleon, French people started taking great pride in the history, language, culture and religion of their country which helped create a strong French national identity. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum, to display the nation’s masterpieces. Napoleon inspired national pride by reopening the Louvre in 1801 and bringing hundreds of famous paintings and other works of art to the nation’s attention. The French nation-state unified the French people in particular through the consolidation of the use of the French language. The French language has been essential to the concept of ‘France’ even though in 1789 only 50% of French people spoke it. Conscription, invented by Napoleon mixed the various groups of France into a nationalist mould which created the French citizen and his consciousness of membership to a common nation, while the various â€Å"patois† were progressively eradicated.Secularism in France is a fundament of the French nation. It is important when considering the national identity of France as it stems from the sense of ‘religious freedom’ which was a principle laid down by the French Revolution. It also emphasises the fact that the Republic has always recognised individuals, rather than groups and that a French citizen owes allegiance to the nation, and has no officially sanctioned ethnic or religious identity. How to cite Origins of Nationalism in France, Papers

A Project Report On Marketing Fundamentals Tesla

Question: Discuss about the Project Report On Marketing Fundamentals Tesla. Answer: Market research is one of the vital components adopted by companies to understand the needs, beliefs and desires of the customers. Primary and secondary are the major types of research that includes market information, market segmentation, market trends, SWOT analysis and other tools that help to gain an insight of the market conditions (Elliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). Tesla is an American based automobile company that has very well positioned itself through its planned and extensive market research (Tesla, 2017). The company performed a strategic market research by using different tools such as PESTEL analysis, surveys and questionnaires and other methods to gather information from the market. Tesla used PESTEL analysis to assess the political, economic, social, legal, environmental and technological factors of the market to construe that the governments are promoting the production of environmental cars because of rising prices of fuel. The customers, on the other hand, have also begun to prefer the cars that protect the environment and do not pollute it due to which there was a demand for electric cars in the market (Forbes, 2016). Further, Tesla also conducted interviews with groups of moms and women of different ages to take their opinion about electric cars (Forbes, 2016). Thus, from the research, the company developed its marketing strategies and launched the product Model X especially for women (Forbes, 2016). The model was designed by considering the core selling points including safety, large space for kids and a third row. The engineers of the company incorporated all of this into the car design and manufacturing process. Another feature that was inferred from the research was that the female generally prefer to have a beautiful car along with ease for their children (Forbes, 2016). Thus, the company strategically used market research data to develop an effective product for the female. Market Competition: Coca Cola Pepsi Competition in a market arises when there are several players offering similar product or services to a large number of consumers. The players compete with each other in order to acquire a larger market share of the market and increase their sales revenue (Economics Online, 2017). The players could compete on the basis of prices, marketing, strategies and attributes of products to attract a greater share of target audience (Lin, 2016). Coca Cola is one of the largest producers of cold drinks with its huge network of sales and distribution around the world. The company has established its unique brand identity through its quality products and strong global recognition. Coca cola has its huge fan following that is a result of its customer loyalty (Lin, 2016). The main competitor of Coca Cola is Pepsi that is a thorn in the flesh for the company. Coca cola would have become the leading soft drink company around the world without Pepsi. The presence of Pepsi has brought significant changes in the marketing strategies of Coca Cola company. When Pepsi reduced its prices in the market of Australia, Coca cola also reduced the prices in order to maintain its position in the supermarkets shelf. Coca cola has to incur a huge loss in order to carry out this campaign and retain its market position (Lin, 2016). The advertisements launched by Pepsi also influence the marketing strategies of Coca cola (Lin, 2016). Coca cola responds with complete maturity to the ads of the Pepsi in order to retain its position in the minds of the consumers. Thus, Coca Cola has to invest a huge amount of money to compete with Pepsi through huge advertising and marketing strategies. Coca cola has increased its advertising budget amount in order to stay in competition with the Pepsi (Lin, 2016). PESTEL Analysis of Samsung PESTEL analysis helps to determine the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects of a country that would facilitate the growth of the product and the company. Samsung introduced its latest product Galaxy S8 after an extensive PESTEL analysis of the market in order to acquire maximum returns from the market. Political Factors The political factors include stable political conditions, country relations and the support of government. Overall Samsung has received favorable response from the market of US, Australia, Europe and developing nations of Asia (Walters, 2017). The company faced some issues due to volatility of Latin American countries that affect the operations of the company. Economic Factors Samsung Galaxy S8 has captured the market in a short span of time in the developing nations but faced some issues in developed nations due to low purchasing power of the customers. Koreas strong currency also affected the revenue of the product. Social Factors The market has witnessed rising popularity of electronic and mobile devices among the consumers because of changing and emerging technology. The main challenge that the company faces is the frequent changes in the demands of the consumers. Samsung has very well tailored its product to suit the needs of almost every consumer around the world (Walters, 2017). Technological Factors Samsung is one of the most innovative companies that stays ahead of its competitors and makes optimum use of technology to offer the latest products to the customers. Samsung has produced amazing software and applications by effectively blending the market demand and technology in a single product Galaxy S8 (Walters, 2017). Legal Factors Samsung has to face numerous issues regarding Copyrights and patents. The company also faced challenges regarding wireless communication regulations and had to adhere to the laws and regulations pertaining to electronic device safety around the globe. Environmental Factors Samsung has always considered the laws and regulations of the environment and has deployed processes that do not pollute the environment. SWOT Analysis of Woolworths SWOT analysis is used by the companies to determine their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to develop a marketing plan (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). Woolworths is one of the Australian retail based firm that consistently enhance its strategies in order to retain its market position. Strengths Woolworths occupies the largest market share of Australia and is the pioneer firm to introduce the concept of retail chain (Greenblat, 2017). The retail chain has established its brand name and unique identity through its quality products and services. Weaknesses Woolworths is one of the oldest retail companies but does not have a global presence when compared to its competitors. The retail chain also has not been successfully able to develop a sustainable unique selling proposition that questions its credibility and market positioning (Berry, 2016). The company delayed to enter online market due to which it has to face tough competition. Opportunities Woolworths could expand its business by exploring new markets and establish its global presence. It could deploy franchise model and joint venture strategy in the beginning in order to penetrate deeper in the market. Threats The cost of food material and other products has witnessed an increase that could affect the profitability of the firm. The ongoing recession has also influenced the activities of the organization. There is an intense pressure in the market from Aldi and Coles that is again affecting the market share of the company (Berry, 2016). Marketing Plan From the SWOT analysis, the company has explored its opportunities by entering the international market of UK through marketing mix element. Product: Woolworths introduced its quality services that ensure freshness of food and high product quality (The Conversation, 2017). Price: Woolworths has deployed economical pricing strategy in order to capture the market (The Conversation, 2017). Promotion: Woolworths offered discount offers to attract large number of audience. Place: Woolworths opened its stores in the main market area in order to attract the audience. Segmentation, Targeting And Positioning of Retail Industry Segmentation is the process of dividing the entire market into smaller segments to determine segment for the company (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). Segmentation could be done on the basis of demographics, geography, lifestyle and psychology of the customers. The different segments could include youngsters, executives, professionals, adults, female, housewives, unemployed and college students (Elliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). After segmenting, a particular group of people called target market is targeted by the industry through strategic marketing and advertising. Positioning is influencing the minds of consumers through effective marketing strategies (Elliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). Retail industry is one of the largest industries of Australia that targets a large group of segment. Around 70%-90% of the consumers prefer to shop their groceries and other household material from the retail chains because of the availability of a wide range of products (Greenblat, 2017). The targ et customers of retail industry include housewives, females, adults and middle aged people. The customers are attracted towards the retail chains because of low priced products and quality services (Greenblat, 2017). Thus, the retail industry has very well identified its target group from which it can increase its sales revenue and profitability. Further, the strategic positioning involves offering low priced product along with quality services, discounts and special offers during festive season also excite the customers to shop from retail stores. The customers are also promised fresh food products and customized services such as home delivery, app based shopping and other unique services (Greenblat, 2017). The consumers feel elated and experience a unique shopping experience with the retail stores that compels them to shop for next time and become a loyal customer. Thus, the industry has strategically positioned itself as a low cost brand that offers quality services along with a unique experience to its consumers. Brand Management Brand management is one of the most crucial elements of marketing that has occupied the top most concern for the leaders of the companies. A brand has to consistently evolve itself in order maintain its sustainability by meeting the customer demands. Apple Apple is one of the examples of successful brand management around the world. The brand has very well utilized and internalized the concept of perceived value due to which the consumers always assess the benefits of its products of much higher value as compared to their prices. The brand has built itself by connecting with the consumers through their emotions that they experience while using the Apples products (Bajarin, 2016). The customers never forget a brand with which they have had a great experience and Apple has very well internalize this process through its highly innovative and technologically advanced products. Another major reason for Apples success is its risk taking ability and targeting the emerging market through which it became a pioneer and leader in the electronics market (Scheidies, 2017). Nokia Nokia is a Finnish multinational corporation that demonstrates the example of failed brand. Nokia might have evolved as successful brand but failed miserably because of its ineffective marketing strategies. The major reason for Nokiaa failure was Nokia did not deploy appropriate marketing strategies and projected itself more like an engineering company in the market (Huy, 2016). The company could not touch the chord of the consumers through its products and services. The company was rather more focused to build hardware devices instead of satisfying the needs of the consumers. Nokia always underestimated the significance of software in a mobile set due to which it was unable to adapt itself with the transitioning business environment (Surowiecki, 2016). Nokia never adapted the latest operating system and insisted on its hardware design. Another blunder of Nokia was its inability to analyze its competition that it faced from Apple and Samsung. References Bajarin, T. (2016). 6 Reasons Apple Is So Successful. TIME. Available at: https://techland.time.com/2016/05/07/six-reasons-why-apple-is-successful/ [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Berry, P. (2016). Woolies appears to be losing its battle with Aldi and Coles over the $11 billion groceries market. News. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolies-appears-to-be-losing-its-battle-with-aldi-and-coles-over-the-11-billion-groceries-market/news-story/ee619afcd95cab694d1a40687fef869c [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Economics Online. (2017). Competitive markets. Economics Online. Available at: https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/Competitive_markets.html [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Elliott, G., Thiele, S.R., and Waller, D. (2014). Marketing. Australia: John Wiley Sons. Forbes. (2016). Tesla's Unique Position In The Car Market Is One Of Its Biggest Strengths. Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/07/02/teslas-unique-position-in-the-car-market-is-one-of-its-biggest-strengths/#427a537e3ad7 [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Greenblat, E. (2017). Woolworths performance faces market scrutiny. The Australian. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/woolworths-performance-faces-market-scrutiny/news-story/a642bd3a7ca2ed4344fc71a2f719d788 [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Huy, Q. (2016). Who Killed Nokia? Nokia Did. Insead Knowledge. Available at: https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/who-killed-nokia-nokia-did-4268 [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F., and McDaniel, C. (2008). Essential of Marketing. Cengage Learning. Lin, H. (2016).Coca-cola vs. Pepsi: The Economics behind Cokes Dominance. Essa. Available at: https://economicstudents.com/2012/10/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-the-economics-behind-cokes-dominance/ [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Next Shark. (2016). Nokia Failed Because They Did the One Thing That Drives Most Companies into the Ground. Next Shark. Available at: https://nextshark.com/the-fall-of-nokia-has-an-important-lesson-in-success-everyone-should-know/ [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Scheidies, N. (2017). How Apple Became the Worlds Most Valuable Company. INCOME. Available at: https://www.incomediary.com/how-apple-became-the-worlds-most-valuable-company [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Surowiecki, J. (2016). Where Nokia Went Wrong. New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/where-nokia-went-wrong [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Tesla. (2017). Performance and safety refined. Tesla. Available at: https://www.tesla.com/en_AU/models [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. The Conversation. (2017). UK calling: Why Australian supermarkets continue to look abroad for leadership. The Conversation. Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/industries/retail/uk-calling-australian-supermarkets-continue-look-abroad-leadership/ [Accessed Online 4 May 2017].Walters, E. (2017). The Gorgeous Galaxy S8 Is the Perfect Response to the Note 7 Debacle. Paste Magazine. Available at: https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/03/the-gorgeous-galaxy-s8-is-the-perfect-response-to.html [Accessed Online 4 May 2017].

Why Drugs should remain Illegal Essay Example

Why Drugs should remain Illegal Essay The debate on whether drugs should be legalized in the US has remained a controversial one in the public domain. Opponents of drug legalization have blamed drug abuse for increased crime activities in the society. In addition, drugs have significantly compromised the behavior of the young generation, an element that threatens the future sustainable social-economic development of our nation. Other claims against legalization of drugs include increasing irresponsible sexual behavior, spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS through sharing non-sterile needles, and negation of the nation’s economic development policies as it encourages black market practices (Clark, 1997). Proponents of legalization of drugs claim that it is in line with their constitutional right to the freedom of choice. Another common claim by supporters of legalizing drugs is that such could significantly reduce abuse among members of the community. This claim is backed by the assertion that being illegal, drug use remains hard to identify and make early interventions to safeguard the young generation (Goldstein, 2010). Further, proponents of legalizing drugs claim that it will give additional revenue to the government through taxation of drug businesses (Kallen, 2005). Indeed, available statistical indicate that the government looses billions of dollars through illegal drug business. All in all, given the negative social, health, and economic implications of drugs in the American nation, drugs should remain illegal in the United States. This paper is a discussion of the various harmful effects brought by drugs in the American community. The author will also give a critical look at the impact legalization of drugs in other nations have had to their community as a way of supporting why drugs should remain illegal in the US. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Drugs should remain Illegal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Drugs should remain Illegal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Drugs should remain Illegal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why Drugs should remain Illegal The problem of drug sale and abuse has been a major problem facing the American community. According to the federal laws, the sale, possession, or use of illegal drugs is a crime. Numerous drugs have been categorized as illegal under the Drug and Food Act. In this effect, the federal government spends billions of dollars in the war against drugs in the nations (Boaz, 1999). Such costs include identifying, investigating, arresting, and charging criminals in the law courts. Other associated costs are those of sustaining the large numbers of prisoners convicted of drug related crimes in our correction facilities. Despite the numerous claims that legalizing drugs could resolve the drug problem, the negative effects of drug abuse are far much higher compared to any benefits that can come with it legalization. 2.1   Drugs and crime activities Drugs and drug abuse have been closely linked with the ever increasing incidences of crime activities in the community. Drug abuse negates the reasoning and judgmental ability of the victim or impaired judgment (Kallen, 2005). Based on this reasoning, victims of drug abuse have high chances of engaging in crime activities while under the influence of such drugs. In addition, drug trafficking is by it essence a criminal activity in the nation. According to statistical reports from the FBI, the US nation has over 31,000 organized crime groups most of whom are involved in drug dealing activities and violence against local community members (Boaz, 1999). Drug trafficking and abuse has no doubt led to escalation of violence and other forms of crime in the community. True from available literature, contractual agreements among drug dealers are tense and fragile. This is explained by the fact that most of this agreements end up in murderous rivalry among the involved parties, a factor that posses imminent danger to the neighboring communities. On the other hand, the war on drugs in the US has witnessed the killing of numerous law enforcement officials by members of the drug dealing cycles. In addition, drugs are a security threat to the local members of the community. According to the principles of effective security provisions in the community must engage the local members of the community. This is due to the fact that such are the people who live with the criminals in their neighborhoods. On the other side, drug dealing as a criminal offense leaves neighbors at threat of attack upon reporting such incidences to the law enforcement. Thus, drugs are a real source of the propagation of criminal activities in the US. 2.2   Effects on the youth generation Drugs have numerous negative effects on the young generation in our community. According to available information drug abuse among the teens begins at an average age of 14 years (Levendis, 2008). It has been established that at this age most children start using drugs like marijuana. On the other side, medical evidence has attributed the use of marijuana with high potential desire for engaging in the use of stringer drugs such as cocaine and heroin among others. Available statistical evidence indicates that an estimated over 40 percent of the American population between 12 and 18 years of age are actively engaged in abusing drugs. Apart from illegal drugs, alcohol and cigarette smoking form the backbone of the drug abuse crimes committed by this young population (Clark, 1997). This has the implication that the young generation is at the risk of indulging in the use of highly addictive drugs such as cocaine at the early ages in life.   Moreover, dependency on drugs threatens the social and academic prosperity of the youth in the society. True to the letter, drug use compromises the reasoning ability of user. Based on this reason, it is commonly asserted that most incidences of school violence are a direct result of drug abuse among students (Croft, 2000). Still, due to the fact that drugs negate reasoning, it significantly compromises the ability of students to perform sufficiently in their studies. This is to be appreciated as enough claims to support the assertion that drugs threaten the future development of our nation. It is worth noting that education is no doubt the most important possession by an individual in the modern capitalistic community. On the social aspect of drugs on the youth is the question of antisocial behaviors caused by drug abuse. Drug use is associated with psychological effects such as stress, anxiety, and depression. On the other side, the structural principles of effective socialization dictate for optimum cooperation among the involved parties in the structure. As a result of this, drugs could sufficiently compromise the ability of the young generation to indulge in sustainable social relations in the community. In addition, drug addictive risks driving the young into criminal activities. It is common knowledge that the young members of the society are highly dependent on their parent for financial assistance. This poses a clear limit in their financial ability to meet their drug entertainment desires. Due to this fact, drug abuse by the young population is a direct cause of the high rates of crime offenses by underage in the community. All these have the implication that drugs are a major threat to the future social, academic, security, political and economic good of the US nation. 2.3   Drugs as a cause of irresponsible behavior Numerous psychological research findings have evidently established that the use of drugs has negative effects in the functioning of the brain. Most of the drugs compromise the victim’s ability to efficiently reason and judge situations. This implies that drugs can lead the user to lead irresponsible life (Christensen, 2006). As an emphasis to this is the fact that drug abuse increases aggression in the individual, an element that can lead to violent behavior and constant conflict with other members of the community. Another irresponsible behavior brought by drugs is irresponsible sexual behavior. Negatively influencing the worldview and reasoning of the victim, drugs have been significantly blamed for the spreading of HIV/AIDS in some American communities (Little, 2010). This is because research has shown that while under the influence drugs the chances of engaging in unprotected sex with a strange are quite high. In support of this assertion, the HIV/AIDS pandemic facing the African American community is mainly blamed on the problem of drug abuse in this community (Little, 2010). Sharing if non-sterile needled for intramuscular drug infection is one of the factors contributing to the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, which increases health care expenditure. . 2.4   Drugs and our health Drugs have numerous negative health implications. The use of drugs like marijuana and cigarettes has been evidently closely attributed with the high rates of lung cancer among members of the society (Goode, 1997). Unlike cigarettes, smokers of marijuana are at a higher risk of sustaining cancer. This can be explained by the high inhalation and long duration of keeping the smoke in the lungs by marijuana smokers. Another health complication brought by drugs is high blood and heart rate which if beyond a particular limit can result to death. Abuse of drugs leads to addiction. According to psychological evidence available, continued use of a particular drug increases ones risk of becoming dependant on the drug. On the other side, it has been asserted that the effects of some drugs such as cocaine and heroin are quite addictive even to first time user (Inciardi, 1999). Moreover, other drugs such as marijuana are highly influential in dictating for the use of stronger drugs such as cocaine. Based on the above reasons, it is quite clear that the abuse of drugs leads to dependency, a health condition that compromises one’s effective productivity in the society. Death due to overdose of drugs has also been a major social and health problem brought by drugs. Overdose of cocaine for example increases heart rate beyond limits, an element that can result to heart attack or even death (Gottfried, 2000). Other health implications brought by drugs include, depression and anxiety. Just to be appreciated is the fact that depression is a psychological problem that serves to negate one’s positive attitude towards life and other members of the community. Due to this, drugs are blamed for the increased incidences of suicidal behavior in the American society (Inciardi, 1999). As an emphasis to this assertion, statistical information on suicide, it is clear that most case of suicide reported is at the adolescence stage. This is due to the fact that the youth is the population that is heavily engaged in the abuse of drugs. Such can also be explained from the fact that the youth population is not mature enough to effectively deal with the psychological problems brought by the use of drugs. 2.5   Effects on economic development The economic implications of drugs are a two way problems by nature. First, drug business is an illegal one according to the law. Indeed, this is the reason why federal, state, and local governments spend billions of dollars annually in the war against drugs. Owing to this fact, the drug business remains an underground business. This means that the government does not enjoy the privilege of collecting revenue from illegal drug business. It is a common consensus that the American government looses over 12 billion in taxation from the multi-million drug business (Boaz, 1999). Such can be seen as a major blow to the economic prosperity of the economy. It is worth noting that it is through the revenue collected by the government that public infrastructures, institutions, and other community projects are implemented. In addition, the same revenue is used for overseeing the efficient running of government institutions responsible for addressing public needs. Therefore, drugs are a major economic blow as they deny the government revenue. The other economic aspect of drugs is its effects in rendering members of the community typically none productive (Koutsoumbos, 2009). As is evident from the effects of drugs on health and behavior, it is quite clear that drugs compromise the victim’s ability to provide reliable services at the workplace. Employee random drug testing programs are a common procedure used by employees to ensure soberness for the safety and efficiency of employees in an organization. As a result of this program, many victims of drug abuse loose job opportunities making them a burden to the community. Still, the question of aggression as brought by drug abuse compromises the individual’s ability to promote sustainable interpersonal relations at the workplace. This is a negation to the provisions of business management principles which perceive team work as a crucial in enhancing the performance of an organization. On the other hand, dependency on drugs results into economic dependency and increased rate of criminal activities in the community (Little, 2010). Although the government must provide for its population, working functions the ultimate purpose of ensuring individual economic and thus social independence in the community. Moreover, investment is a source of economic independence to the investor. However, with drugs being closely responsible for increased crime in the community, they indeed threaten economic independence of other members of the community. 2.6   Impact of legalizing drugs in other nations Many nations such as Netherlands and Portugal have passed legislations discriminating the possession, sale of some drugs such as marijuana (Little, 2010). This resolution has not been prompted by the fact that drugs are not harmful to the user but rather due to considerations of the high costs incurred by the governments in the unsuccessful war against drugs. Although nations that allow drugs claim reduced law enforcement costs, the associated costs of addressing the social, health, and economic consequences are no doubt far higher. On the other side, legalization of drugs in nations like Netherlands remains a real threat to the European nations. It is claimed that Netherlands acts as the transit of almost all drugs entering Europe (Little, 2010). In addition, the nation is a leading producer of cannabis, heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines as well as other synthetic drugs. Given that most European nations have zero tolerance to drugs, Netherlands remains under pressure to beep up it cross border security to mitigating trafficking of such drugs to Europe. This is no doubt an increased law enforcement cost on the government. 2.7   Why legalizing drugs will not bring economic benefits to the nation Legalizing drugs in the American nation will not improve our economic status as such businesses will still remain on the black market. This is due to the fact that drug dealers are used to getting tax free money, an element that will prompted tax evasion practices (Boaz, 1999). Further, legalization of drugs could dictate for government taxation of the drugs. This could also require drug selling to be formal. All this have the implication of substantially increasing the overall costs of the drugs in the market. Such could force for black market practices as a strategy by dealers to increase their customer and thus profit base. This means that neither the government nor the public would sufficiently benefit from legalization of drugs. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion Drugs should remain illegal in the American nation. This is because they pose a major threat to our cultural, social, economic, political, and academic structures. Drugs have been significantly blamed for the increase of criminology among American communities. The American young population has been overwhelming received numerous critics for its drug abuse behavior. A part from these, even the nations which have legalized drugs have not seen any tangible benefit from the practices. Indeed, this nations are not only dealing with the negative effects brought by drug abuse among its citizens, but above all dealing with underground drug markets. America is for sure no exception; let drugs remain illegal to safety our social and economic development. References Boaz, D. (1999). Drug Legalization, Criminalization and Harm Reduction. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-dbz061699.html Christensen, M. (2006). Marijuana Should Remain Illegal. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Marijuana-Should-Remain-Illegalid=247390 Clark, T. (1997). Keep Marijuana Illegal-for Teens-Cover Story. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_n3_v57/ai_19399184/ Croft, J. (2000). Drugs and the Legalization Debate. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Goldstein, M. (2010). Legalizing Drugs: Crime Stopper or Social Risk? Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books. Goode, E. (1997). Between politics: and Reason: The Drug Legalization Debate. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Gottfried, T. (2000). Should Drugs Be Legalized? Brookfield, Connecticut: Twenty-First Century Books. Inciardi, J. (1999). The Drug Legalization Debate. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Kallen, S. (2005). Legalizing Drugs. Westport CT: Greenwood press. Koutsoumbos, T. (2009). Why Drugs Should Stay Illegal. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://www.the-vibe.co.uk/2009/08/14/why-drugs-should-stay-illegal/ Levendis, J. (2008). Husak, Douglas, and Peter de Marneffe. The Legalization of Drugs. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0254/is_5_67/ai_n31203722/ Little, D. (2010). Marijuana Should Remain Illegal. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://www.cannabisnews.org/united-states-cannabis-news/marijuana-should-remain-illegal/

Irish Patriotism in Eater 1916 and an Irish Airman Foresees His Death Essay Example

Irish Patriotism in Eater 1916 and an Irish Airman Foresees His Death Essay Example Irish Patriotism in Eater 1916 and an Irish Airman Foresees His Death Paper Irish Patriotism in Eater 1916 and an Irish Airman Foresees His Death Paper ‘Easter 1916’ and ‘An Irish Airman Foresees his Death’ comment on Irish patriotism and their ways discuss. ‘Easter 1916’ and ‘An Irish Airman Foresees his Death’ were both written about the same contextual issues at around the same time. It was after Easter 1916, when the revolution of Irish nationalist rebels was at its highest. The poem discusses the role of Irish soldiers fighting for Great Britain during a time when they were trying to establish independence for Ireland, though they were denied it during the war. Both poems show the theme of Irish patriotism however in some ways they both oppose it. Both poems underline Yeats’ uncertainty towards although his compassion for its victims is strongly highlighted. The aviator in An Irish Airman, of whom Yeats writes as in the first person, is convinced that the flight he is about to take will be his last, â€Å"I know that I shall meet my fate† though he undertakes in the battle regardless of this. This could be seen as a strong example of Irish patriotism if it weren’t for one bizarre line â€Å"lonely impulse of delight†. David A. Ross sees the airman as fighting not for his country nor politics, nor law but rather his own love of flying, some inexpressible freedom, his â€Å"lonely impulse of delight†. The line â€Å"Those I guard I do not love† poses a rhetorical question of why the pilot is not fighting out of love for his country and could be used by Yeats as a subtle political reference to the Easter uprising and Ireland’s relations with England at that time. The tone of Easter 1916 is sometimes difficult to follow, in the way that it is often not established and unrecognisable. The tone changes immensely throughout, making it complicated to know what Yeats’ view on the uprising was. The poem begins by paying tribute to the Irish people for leaving behind their previously mundane lives to dedicate themselves to the fight for independence. He then goes on to talk about all those who were killed or imprisoned for standing up for their rights during the uprising in an honourable tone. He goes on with the lines â€Å"Enchanted to a stone To trouble the living stream†. This is a metaphor for their determination and strong will during times hard times of uncertainty. Yet later in the poem Yeats asks the rhetorical question â€Å"Was it needless death after all† this is questioning whether the deaths were, in fact unnecessary. This is an example of Yeats’ view and belief that the politics that lead to the uprising were ambivalent.

Does the Sale of Goods Act 1979 Put too Much Emphasis on the Concept Research Paper

Does the Sale of Goods Act 1979 Put too Much Emphasis on the Concept of Property - Research Paper Example The sale of goods within the UK is legally governed and directed by the Sale of Goods Act 1979 which has been further amended by the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994 and the sale of Goods and Amendment Act 1995. The Acts specify the duties of the seller and the buyer as the seller is legally bound to deliver the goods, the buyer has to accept and pay for them according to terms of the contract. As the seller should be ready to give possession of the goods to the buyer, the buyer is legally responsible to pay for the goods to take possession of them. These are fundamental duties of the seller and buyer and if one party fails to maintain terms of contract another can sue for damages and cancel the contract. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 has undergone several amendments and changes since its introduction and has become more and more consumer-focused to uphold the quality of goods and buyer rights . ... If the buyer gives the purpose of the purchase, the goods should fit the purpose If the sample is shown to a consumer before selling the specified goods, then the goods should confirm or be similar to the sample shown These are the terms and conditions of the contract and both the seller and the buyer have obligations to maintain these terms of contract5. Any breach of contract can entitle the purchaser to reject the goods and seek reimbursement on the purchase price or even claim damages by taking legal action6. Thus the Act specifies the fact that all traders must sell goods that are as described and shown to the consumer and they should also be of satisfactory quality. If the products do not meet the requirements of the consumer, then the consumer can reject them and claim reimbursement and money back on the goods and they have to do this quickly. The Sale of Goods Act has recently had another amendment and is specified in the Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 20027.              

Soft Skills employers look for Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soft Skills employers look for - Essay Example Although I am confident I can work alone, I also know that I can be an asset to a team. I am capable of collaborating with other people to achieve a common goal. I also get along well with people so there will be no problems associating with the other team members. I have a positive attitude and I believe this can also help in motivating the team to feel good about the task we are working on. #3 – Attitude. I consider this the least of my strengths because I do not let this influence my performance at work. Nevertheless, I think of my attitude as a strength because at times it challenges me. For example, if I am having a bad day, I resist the temptation to give in and be short with everyone around me. I can easily blame my bad behavior to just being in a bad mood but I do not. Instead, I try and keep a professional attitude. This practice helps me accomplish my tasks at work. Moreover, it shows my colleagues that I am mature enough to limit how my attitude affects my performance and relationship with them. For my presentation skills, communication skills and leadership skills, I indeed have plans of developing myself in these areas. The most immediate one I would like to work on are my communication skills. I think being adept in communicating with people will help me advance in my studies, and consequently in the work environment. Right now, I believe I still need to improve my writing skills. Even though I can express myself well in spoken English, I still find it difficult to elaborate on my ideas when I do it on paper. In my opinion, a person can only be a fluent speaker if the individual is able to not only speak but write well. â€Å"Effective communication skills are the most basic building block when it comes to making sure things move forward.† (Noone, 2011) It is my belief that to be a productive employee or employer one should have sufficient communication skills to enable social and work interaction. This is

Special interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Special interest - Essay Example One kind of an interest group is that which takes the form of political groups; the aim of the creation of this kind of interest group is to influence people in the political arena to create policies that favor the interest of a political interest group. One such interest group is Texas Medical Association, this group is said to be the largest medical association that has been operational for years with the aim of representing over 46,000 physicians and other individuals related to the field of medicine (Newell, 2009, p.92). Interest groups often derive their strength from their membership. Some of the largest and most powerful interest groups in the nation include the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). This association has a membership of over 32 million persons. With this kind of membership, pushing for championing of certain interest is not very hard. Other equally influential interest groups include the National Rifle Association (NRA), AFL-CIO and American Medical Association (Chapter 11, n.d). The relationship between interest groups and political groups is a very close one and it has been in existence for a very long period of time. Both these groups are defined to conduct separate functions in a particular nation (Bardes, 2012, p.224). A party has the task of ensuring candidates are elected for various public positions after nominating them. On the contrary, interest groups focus on the policy side of the political environment, where they try to influence the policy decision making process. Even though both these groups are defined to have different operational functions, they have a strong relationship which has lasted for quite a long period of time. For example, interest groups such as environmentalists have close ties with a particular state’s democratic political parties. The close alliance

Performance Of An Organisation Over A Three Year Period

Performance Of An Organisation Over A Three Year Period Topic Area The topic selected for research programme is The business and financial performance of an organisation over a three year period and the organisation chosen to base on research is Sainsbury Plc. It is not appropriate to measure the performance of a business entity in isolation thats why the research will base on comparison of performance of Sainsbury plc with its market competitors, e.g. Tesco Plc over last three years by using different accounting performance measure techniques e.g. Ratio analysis, SWAT analysis. Reason for Choosing Topic Today in volatile market condition due to economic recession famously branded as Credit Crunch businesses are facing tremendous challenges and many big names from every sector e.g. Northern Rock, HBOS Woolworth completely wipe out from market which make it crucial to have external independent business analysis to save the interest of shareholders who are ultimate owner of the business. Having studied ACCA fundamental paper Performance Measurement (F5), professional paper Business Analysis (P3) and option paper Advance Performance Measurement (P5) has equipped me with competence of examines the financial and business performance of business entity most effectively. This is the reason for choosing the above mention topic out of other given topics because skills and knowledge require for this project under this topic I have already studied in detail. Supermarkets are very dominant member of our society who influences a lot in our daily household needs. In the UK food and grocery retailing accounts for nearly 50p in every pound spent in shops. 12.4% of household spending in the UK is now on food, drink and tobacco, compared to 14.3% twelve years ago (1998) and 17.3% twenty two years ago (1988). (IGD, n.d).People prefers supermarkets because of one stop all shop. Sainsbury Plc is among of biggest supermarkets famously known as Big Four Asda, Tesco, and Morrison. The reason for selecting Sainsbury plc for research project because of employed in company for almost five years and have detail knowledge about the company operational activities as well as its strategic performance. About Sainsbury Sainsbury Plc supermarket founded in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury, company started to sell own brand product in 1882 under the category of brand ranges Taste the Difference, Be Good to Yourself, Sainsbury Free form Sainsbury Basic etc which became 50 per cent of Sainsbury turnover in 1950. (Sainsbury Plc, nd). The group operate in three business segments, Supermarket chain, Property development and Sainsbury bank. Sainsbury jointly own Sainsbury Bank with Lloyds Tsb Banking Group and it has two property joint ventures with Land Securities Group Plc and The British Land Company Plc. Sainsbury has a heritage of selling quality food at fair prices. The large stores sell 30,000 products and non-food complementary products. The human capital employed by company almost equal to 150,000 and the online channel of Sainsbury plc available to 90 per cent of UK households. (J Sainsbury Plc, 2010) Company sells other companies products as well its own brand products. The other value added services used by company is Nectar Point loyalty card system. Performance measurement system The performance measurement is a process to obtain information to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of business operation. Different quantitative and qualitative measures use to assess the performance of the organisation. The good performance measurement system should support organization corporate strategy, measure the both financial and business performance, identify the quality and strength of business process and spot the areas where the resources should be allocated to get the competitive advantage. Project Objectives The project objectives for the financial and business performance of the Sainsbury plc are as follow: Analytical review of Financial Performance of Sainsbury plc by comparison with competitor company Tesco Plc over last three years. Identify the key value drivers for any good performance and business issues obstacles the optimal performance. Determine the effect of Economic Recession on the Financial Performance of Sainsbury Plc. Critically evaluate the Strategic Position through analysis of Business Performance of Sainsbury plc and give recommendation based on conclusion How to Make Sainsbury Great Again. Research Questions To meet above mention objectives the following questions will be answered in research analysis. Q1-How competitive Sainsbury Plc performance in last three years in term of Market share and Sale growth compare to its competitor? Q2- What is the effect of economic recession on supermarkets profit and how Sainsbury Plc perform in contrast to its competitors under these circumstances? Q3-Liquidity Does Sainsbury have sufficient resources to meet its current business commitments and what is the change in liquidity in last three years with comparison to competitor? Q4- Gearing-How risky Sainsbury capital structure to justify the assumption of Going Concern Basis and what is change in gearing level in last three years link to its competitor? Q5 -What is strategic position of Sainsbury Plc and what are the critical success factors on which Sainsbury need to focus to get the competitive market advantage? Research Framework PART 2 Information gathering and accounting / business techniques: Primary Data The primary source of data mainly gathers through direct contact with information provider through interviews, meetings and quest nary session. These are very important source of information but there are limitations associate with it e.g. confidentiality issues, timing of available information, and cost to gather these information make them little of use for purpose of research. Secondary Data This is the research already carried out other than user of information which is available publically through different government and private agencies. Secondary data of information is more feasible as compare to primary data because it is not possible to carry out all qualitative and quantitative analysis due to time constraint and the cost associated with collecting that information. Information gathering sources Annual reports The audited annual report of Sainsbury plc and Tesco plc of last three years have been critically analysed and quantitative data collected for various ratio analyses to measure the financial performance of both companies. The director reports and independent auditor reports reviewed to identify the business performance. This is one of the main sources of information regards to both companies performances. Newspapers The newspapers read on daily basis to keep informed myself about any external changes in retail industry and plan of action taken by companies to meet these daily challenges. The newspapers which used in research were Guardian The Financial Times and The Independent. Different articles wrote by financial analysts helped to view the insight of companies and the economic change in the industry. Retail Magazine Various retail magazine also used in research work, the main ones are Sainsbury plc Companys monthly magazine Lets Talk help to gain the monthly up-to-date information about future plans and performance appraisal of different stores. The other magazine which also helped in research were The Student Accountant PQ magazine Sunday Times. Internet The Internet contributed an immense role in research work .Number of websites visited on daily basis for information collecting purpose. This source of information mainly emphasised because of benefits associated with it like, i.e. easy to access to the different kind of information, timely available and cost saving. Kaplan Study Notes Kaplan study notes of different papers e.g. F5 Performance Measurement, F7 Financial Reporting, F9 Financial Management, P3 Business Analysis, and P5 Advance Performance Measurement play vital part for research outcome evaluation and conclusion based on these results. Methods Used to Collect Information Interviews Personally visited the Islington Sainsbury Plc store and spoke to different department managers. Having worked in past in this Sainsbury branch helped a lot in whole process. The permission granted to use the information like company memo and other information which have been given in past in capacity of employee of the company. The personally pre set questions have been asked about the performance of Sainsbury plc, and the feedback of operation managers and HR manager noted. Visited whole premises to get the feel of atmosphere and also directly interviews the customers to know how they perceive the Sainsbury plc and its competitor Tesco Plc. Tesco Plc branch in Leytonstone visited on many occasion to interview the various department managers and the work force at the shop floor to get the information about the company operational structure and their supply chain management. Questions have been asked in changing result in company revenue in each quarter sales and the customer changing attitude affected by economic downturn. Library Regularly visited libraries in Leytonstone and Borough high street to read the books written by different research analysts and the news papers, magazines and many project related research notes on UK retail Grocery. This method of research was very helpful to understand the affects of external factors in the grocery industry. Limitations of information gathering and ethical Issues Many problems faced during information gathering process. The staff members of companies were not willing to share the information because of confidentiality issue; the managers were busy in their daily operational activities which made it difficult to access to the desire people for interview. In addition the interviews with company staffs and customers could be also seen as biased as it was not representing the whole population as people from different geographical ethical background have different perception about subject matter. Furthermore the online research was also a difficult task because of overload and irreverent information came out with different searches. The efforts made to sort out and get the relevant information was time consuming and costly. The authenticity of these information sources also had reservations. How to overcome the above ethical issues? Efforts made to build the confidence of the operational staff of the companies to ensure them that the information provided will only use for research purpose and any information given will only use after the permission of information provider. The previous five years work alliance also played a part to gain the trust of engaged interviewee in Sainsbury plc. The problems faced in relate to authenticity of information sources overcame by only used the information from reliable sources. Accounting and Business techniques and their limitations Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is a most common tool for quantitative analysis of company financial statement by comparing the current year number to budget, previous years results and comparison with industry. Mostly business analysts and potential investors use the ratio analysis to measure the performance of the business. Its a key to determine the relationship between different variable in financial statement. It is easy to calculate and understood by people from non financial background. Limitation of Ratio Analysis The performance measure based on financial ratio analysis tempted manager to short term decision in expense of long term company objectives if the reward based on short term financial performance e.g., cut-off marketing cost which may improve profit in short term but will affect in long term. The ratios are easy to manipulate by Window Dressing and Massaging the Figures (Weaver, 2009) through different accounting policies used. Every company have different economic condition so it is not appropriate to compare them and the accounting policies used by different companies also influence the accounting results. The ratios calculated at particular time may not represent the whole year performance, e.g. effects of seasonal trades and one off transactions. The ratios calculated in isolation are meaningless so it is important to compare the result with preceding years, budget and industry. SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is a tool to analyse the strategic position of the company in term of internal (strengths, weaknesses) and external (opportunities, threats) factors. It assists business in strategy development, how to use internal resources, unique capabilities and core competencies to get the competitive advantage. Threats and opportunities arises everyday because of changes in business internal and external environment but with the help of SWOT analysis if the resources allocate on time at right place the threats can be turn into opportunities and weaknesses can be transfer into strengths. (Kaplan Financial- P3, 2009, pp. 78-79) Limitation of SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis oversimplify the situation by categorise the different situational factors into different class. The categorization of different factors as opportunities or threats, strengths or weaknesses also an arbitrary. People have different views, for example a technology change, or an organisation structure can be an opportunity for one group of people and threat for other group. What is more important is that companies should aware of these changes and use them in their strategic planning to meet the long term objectives of the organisation to increase the wealth of shareholders. (NetMBA, n.d) PART 3 Results, analysis, conclusions and recommendations Note: All of the information used in the graphs presentation has been taken from calculation provided in Appendix. Financial Performance Ratio Analysis Sales Growth Sales growth is the most important factor to measure the market competiveness of any business. Figure 1 Source; (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsburys sales grown-up from 3.99 to 6.02 per cent from 2008 to 2009 but it only increased by 5.57 per cent from 2009 to 2010. Tesco sales grown from 10.92 to 13.95 per cent from 2008 to 2009 but there is huge decline in sales growth of 8.37 per cent from (13.95%) 2009 to (5.58%) 2010 where Sainsbury managed very well and only lose 0.45 per cent as presented in graph. The average sale growth rate of Tesco in last three years is 10.15 per cent which is half way above Sainsbury (5.19%) but it should be keep in mind that Tesco market share is two times of Sainsbury and it is multinational group of companies which can offset the loss of the economic down turn of one country against other country whereas Sainsbury operate in only one country. Figure 2 Source: ( J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statment, 2010,2009 2008) The spin from hybrid strategy towards cost leadership through running campaigns Switch Save Cook Save played a vital part to increase the sales and market share of Sainsbury.Mr Justin King chief executive of Sainsbury said that Sainsbury performance in 2009 was impressive and its surprised many analysts by results because it was expected to find the trading condition tough due to changing attitude of shoppers because of economic recession. The Like-for-like sale to the last quarter 21 March 2009 increased by 6.2 per cent and it served more customers (Samuel, 2009).In 2010 Sainsbury total sales (including VAT fuel) increased by 5.1 per cent, Total sales (including VAT, excluding fuel) increased by 4.3 per cent. The Like-for-like sales increase from 4.3 per cent to 24.4 per cent in 5 years time whereas the total sale increases from 6.7 per cent to 33.9 per cent in 5 year time. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 5) Profitability: Gross Profit Margin An increase in percentage of gross profit is desirable which can be achieved through well managed production cost and increase in sale price or volume. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320) Figure 3 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury Gross Profit (G.P) margin reduced from 5.60 per cent to 5.41 per cent from 2008 to 2010 whereas Tesco gross profit margin increased from 7.67 per cent to 8.10 per cent from 2008 to 2010 as shown in graph. The continuous decline in G.P margin also due to phantom of adverse differential inflation in supermarkets overheads which direct affecting consumer, retailer and economy as whole. (Lex, 2010). Sainsburys cost of sale increased by 6.18 per cent from 2008 to 2009 and 5.63 per cent from 2009 to 2010 whereas sale growth rate is only 6.02 and 5.57 per cent respectively in each year as mention earlier which is not in line with cost of sale and result in G.P margin declined. In addition Sainsburys market penetration strategy in competition of other low prices stores through multi saving offers although increased the company market share but the G.P margin suffered. Net Profit Margin It is the percentage of net profit to sale. A higher net profit margin desirable which can be achieved through efficient cost saving or increasing sale prices. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320) Figure 4 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury Net Profit Margin increased from 2.69 per cent to 3.67 per cent from 2008 to 2010 the period in which Tesco Net Profit margin reduced from 5.92 per cent to 5.58 per cent as projected above. Sainsbury N.P margin reduced in 2009 but they recovered very well and showed improvement on each areas i.e. underlying operating profit increased by 8.9 per cent, underlying profit before tax increased by 17.5 per cent and profit before tax and after tax increased by 57.3 per cent and 102.4 per respectively from 2009 to 2010. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Return on capital employed (ROCE) is a key measure of profitability. It measure the net profit generated through each of $1 invested in the assets. It is the net profit percentage of capital employed. A higher ROCE percentage is desirable which can be achieved through increase net profit margin or decrease capital employed. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320) Figure 5 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury ROCE was not even near to Tesco in 2008 and 2009 but the encouraging factor is that its ROCE continuously improving in this period. It increased from 9.70 per cent to 14.76 per cent from 2008 to 2010 which is excellent performance whereas Tesco suffering a decline in ROCE in this period. Liquidity The liquidity measure the ability of the company to utilize its resources to meet its financial commitments. It is more important to have effective working capital management than profitable business, a profitable business can encounter problem if its run out cash flow. Current Ratio This is the current assets divided by current liabilities which measure the company ability to meet its short term liabilities. A ratio more than $1 is desirable but it varies according to industry type .Continue decline in current ratio or less than industry average indicate the financial difficulties. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 323) Figure 6 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury Current Ratio (0.65:1) was better than Tesco (0.61:1) in 2008 but it reduced by 15 per cent (0.55:1) in 2009 whereas Tesco current ratio improved by 18 per cent (0.77:1) in 2009 as stated above. The cause for this downturn in current ratio of Sainsbury because its total current assets reduced by 7.6 per cent due to the disposal of Non current assets held for sale in 2009 relating to properties in retail operations division, reduced by 91 per cent and reduction in cash and cash equivalents. Sainsbury current ratio come back to 2008 position (0.66:1) in 2010 due to the shortfall in cash and cash equivalent resources fulfilled and more non current assets placed for sale. Inventory Holding Period (In Days) It indicate the average number of days the inventory held in stock. The increase in inventory days shows that the company having problem to sell its stock and risk of obsolete stock increase. A decrease in inventory period is desirable but it should be manage effectively to minimise the risk of stock run out. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 323) Figure 7 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury inventory holding period reduced from 14.76 days to 13.6 days a reduction of 7.9 per cent from 2008 to 2010 whereas Tesco reduced from 20.31 to 19.04 days a reduction of 6.2 per cent in the same period which is a good performance by Sainsbury but what is the optimal inventory holding period for the industry is arguable which is very much dependent on the external factor like customer demand, company warehouse capacity and supply chain efficiency. Receivable Period (In Days) It represents the number of days companies allow to its customers to pay back for goods and services. The shorter receivable period desirable to maximises the cash inflows and reduce the risk of debt irrecoverable. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 324) Figure 8 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) The results presented above in relation to receivable days shows that Sainsbury have very effective credit management policy and allow only four days on average to their customers where as Tesco average period of twelve days which is two times above Sainsbury. Supermarket businesses normally base on cash transaction and during economic recession where people struggling to meet their utility bills allowing them of 12 days credit period increases the risk of debt irrecoverable Sainsbury aware of this fact and the credit period of four days more tolerable. Payable Period (In Days) This is number of days business take to pay back its trade creditors .The increase in payable days suggest that company struggling to pay its creditors on time however it also suggest that business take advantage to the credit offer to them. The decrease is payable days indicate that company ability to pay its creditor improving however it should not pay too early as it a valuable source of finance. it should be manage carefully so that the relation with suppliers are not hurt and where the discount offered for early payments the opportunities avail. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 324) Figure 9 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury on average takes 49 days to payback its trade creditors and Tesco takes 63 days credit which is 22 per cent higher than Sainsbury. It indicate that Tesco struggling to pay its trade creditors on time which also reflected from its gearing position as mention below. Sainsbury payable period increased from 49 days to 51 days from 2008 to 2009 an increase of 2.8 per cent the period in which Tesco increased from 62 days to 64 days an increase of 3.4 per cent. Sainsbury payable period reduced to 48 days in 2010 a decrease of 6.2 per cent from 2009 to 2010 whereas Tesco further increased to 66 days an increase of 3.6 per cent. The reason of this reduction in Sainsbury credit period of 2010 seem to be because of improving cash and cash equivalent resources of Sainsbury as shown in current ratio above but it require further investigation. It could be due to early payment discount opportunity taken or could be suppliers pressure because of economic recession. Risk Assessment Risk can be defined as Opportunity of business to adverse consequences due to uncertain future event. (Kaplan Financial- P3, 2009) Today in volatile market condition it is now even more important that business should have effective risk assessment policy and procedure. Financial Gearing It is percentage of long term debt to equity .If the percentage increases it indicate that business heavily relaying on debt finance to meet its long term needs which increase the level of risk as the interest on debt and capital repayment must be made. The ratio can be improved by using the equity finance for long term investment. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 325) Figure 10 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsburys Financial gearing portfolio much better than competitor Tesco. It only increased from 51 per cent to 62 per cent an increase of 21.7 per cent whereas Tesco increased by 56 per cent from (66.92%) 2008 to (104.4%) 2010which is very risk.It indicate that Sainsbury not much depending on debt finance unlike to Tesco and using retain earning for growth plan which is appropriate risk averse strategy under current financial market conditions where big names like Woolworth already gone from market. Interest Cover It is the operating profit before interest and tax divided by finance cost which indicates the business ability to pay off its finance commitment. If the percentage increase it indicate that the business condition improving but if the percentage decline it indicate it is getting difficult for business to pay off the interest charges. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 326) Figure 11 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury is showing signs of progress in interest cover with the percentage of 4.02 per cent to 4.8 per cent from 2008 to 2010 represent growth of 19.4 per cent from 2008 to 2010.The cause of this improvement is because of improvement in operating profit which increase by 34 per cent profit due to effective management of all operating expenses whereas their competitor Tesco facing expected decline of 46.5 per cent (11.6 to 5.97 percent) in interest cover which is in line with its increasing financial gearing of 56 per cent as seen earlier. Dividend Cover It is the net profit divided by dividend amount. A decrease in the dividend cover indicates that company facing difficulty to pay the dividend to shareholders. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 326) Figure 12 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsburys figure in term of dividend cover improving even though it declined from 1.85 to 1.33 from 2008 to 2009 a reduction of 28 percent due to the fact that net profit in 2009 decreased by 12.2 percent as we seen earlier but Sainsbury maintained shareholders expectation and paid off dividend with growth rate of 22 percent result in decline in dividend cover. The results of 2010 are really impressive the net profit increased by 102 percent as we notice above N.P graph, the dividend grown-up by only 10.6 percent which result in dividend cover increased by 82.8 percent from 2009 (1.33) to 2010 (2.43) while Its competitor Tesco facing decline in dividend cover of 10.4 per cent from 2008 (2.68) to 2010 (2.4). Earnings Per Share (EPS) EPS is the fundamental investor ratio which can be calculated by total earning less preference share divided by total number of share. It determine the profitability of company and widely used by investors. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 327) Figure 13 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury EPS results are showing outstanding performance although it reduced from 19.1 to 16.6 a reduction of 13 percent but Sainsbury recover very well at 32.1p in 2010 which is 93.3 percent improvement from 2009 (16.6p) and left behind its competitor Tesco (29.33p) by 2.8p who was above Sainsbury in 2008 (26.95p) and 2009 (27.14p) by 7.5p and 10.8p respectively as shown in graph. Dividend per Share (DPS) Dividend per share is very important tool for investor which measures what is the dividend company have given of each share it hold. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 327) Figure 14 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury DPS ahead of its competitor Tesco each year from 2008 to 2010.It increased from 12p to 14.2p from 2008 to 2010 an increase of 18.3 percent whereas Tesco dividend per share grown up from 10.9p to 13.05p an increase of 23.9 per cent but still behind Sainsbury. Business Performance SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong Brand Value Sainsbury Plc has long history of brand since 1869 and customer loyalty toward Sainsbury brand very strong. It has very dominant geographical presence throughout United Kingdom with 872 stores in which 537 are Supermarkets and 335 Convenience stores. Sainsbury serves 19m customers on average each week and enjoyed market share of 16 percent. Sainsbury is the world largest retailer of fair-trade goods by value. According to annual report of 2010 In UK one in every four pounds spent on fair-trade is spent at a Sainsburys store. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 5) Retail Awards Sainsbury won Supermarket of the Year Award in 2009 and 2007 in retail industry awards. It awarded A rating in Green to the Core survey carried by consumer group due to their customer engagement, fish policies, and sustainable product availability. It is the biggest retailer of Freedom Food (RSPCAs farm assurance and food labelling scheme) by amount and product range. It won CBI Peoples Organisation award because of their HR and people management excellence. Sainsbury won many retail quality awards in 2010 than any other supermarket which include seven out of fifteen categories for value product quality. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 12).In 2010 Sainsbury failed to take the supermarket of the year award run by Talkingretail.com but it secure other three awards of Community Retailer of the Year, Seafood Retailer of the Year and Convenience Chain of the Year for Sainsburys Local. (Dennis, Mike, 2010) Financial Strength Sainsbury Financial position improving as reflected in above analyses which create significant opportunities for future growth. Business created operation cash flow of  £1.2bn in 2010, Net debt reduced by  £122m in 2010 to  £1,549m (2009:  £1,679).Sainsbury Group remain  £3bn funding availability through debt finance which enough to fulfil future ambitions. Sainsburys bank also showed better growth with operating profit increase by  £19m. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 6) Opportunities: Nectar Card Sainsbury Nectar card scheme which launched in 2002 with joint venture of Sainsbury Plc, American Express and B.P (Wikipedia, n.d) have been very successful due to its unique character of customer choice to use the loyalty card on multiple brands unlike competitor Tesco club card which dont allow this freedom of choice. Nectar card scheme is a great opportunity for Sainsbury to evaluate the c

Postcolonial Indian Literature in English: Narayan, Jhabvala, Rushdie :: Essays Papers

Postcolonial Indian Literature in English: Narayan, Jhabvala, Rushdie Indian literature in English which is accessible to us in the West, still has its roots in colonial literature and the tensions between East and West. A European naturalism is often present; a concern to posit India as an arena within which Western readers can identify realities is inherent within much of this writing. The following are three examples of the progression of post-Independence literature. Twenty years after Independence, R.K.Narayan was still tackling issues of colonialism. The Vendor of Sweets (1967) takes us through the tensions integral to a family in which two generations belong to two different cultures. Ascetic Jagan belongs to an old India of family and history ;his son to an India increasingly subject to the foregrounding of the commodity and a dramatic industrialisation. Narayan explores the inevitable clash of what is, in many ways, both a colonial and a post-colonial encounter: Jagan, a follower of Gandhi and a veteran of the wars against British Imperialism, must attempt a negotiation of an ethos invasive to his own definitions of nationality; Mali, without this structure, must reconcile an American capitalism with India's own sense of what constitutes a modern nation. This theme is continued in Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's Heat and Dust (1975). Again two generations, this time British, must come to terms with an alien culture. Whilst Olivia's adventures are romanticised, Jhabvala attempts to explore in a more sophisticated manner the social outlay of Anglo-Indian relations with the higher Muslim classes and Olivia's step-grand-daughter is confronted with an India that remains hidden in the works of Kipling, Forster or Narayan. Leelavati the beggar-woman's life, if not her behaviour, demonstrates an unusual social awareness of the lowest castes. It is to be noted that the East-West dichotomy within the later generation has become less strained: modern Britain is expected now to accept India on its own terms. Salman Rushdie, whose work has been produced in the eighties and nineties, has removed himself from the sites of both nationality and naturalism but remains in an engagement with economic colonialism and its consequences.

Personal Project Picture Book On Global Warming Education Essay

A image book is a book designed for kids which uses images and illustrations to state a narrative. In some instances, a image book may convey the significance of the narrative wholly through images, without any text at all. In other instances, text accompanies the images and is read along with them. In both cases, the image book is designed to present immature kids to the thought of books and reading. As a general regulation, each bend of the page reveals a new image, or series of images. The images in image books use a scope of media such as oil pigments, acrylics, water-color and pencil. I will seek the cyberspace that what is an easy manner to do a image book. I will travel to the library when I am free and publish some image books and read them at place so so I will acquire an thought what to make. The undermentioned twenty-four hours I will take some images from the net about planetary heating and publish them out. I will glue the images on paper and right something underneath them. I will acquire the paper spiral binded so it looks like a book ; this will be my 1 bill of exchange. I will give it to supervisor and acquire some remarks I will travel through my remarks and do another bill of exchange might be my concluding bill of exchange of undertaking. Introduction My subject for image book is planetary heating. The term â€Å" planetary heating † refers to the addition in the mean temperature of planetary surface air and oceans since about 1950, and to go oning additions in those temperatures. Basically the whole thought of my undertaking on image book is that the new coevals could larn about planetary heating. My image book will be easy for the kids to understand and to read. I will non utilize excessively difficult words because the childs wo n't be able to stop up understanding it.Description of procedureIt took me several hours to make my research on how to do a image book on planetary heating. After that I took some apparent sheets of paper and printed out some of the exposure that I got from cyberspace about planetary heating. I saw some kids picture book in the library and got some thought, that it should be neatly written, should hold large fount size letters and non to utilize word which kids could n't understand. The best manner to make my merchandise was to acquire some documents and compose a short narrative about and add images to it. I thought that this is the best manner to make it and none other thought could be at that place to make a image book. I learned many new accomplishments like how to cut a paper in different manner ( cloud shaped paper, egg-shaped shaped paper ) this undertaking besides helped me to take the exposure for the right paragraph. I used scissor, paper, colourss, pastic sheet and coiling bind to do my undertaking. My pick of techniques were really simple and easy, I think that the simplest thing will accomplish your end so I achieved my end through this simple manner. Write your paragrapgh and add exposures to it. Analysis of research My research affected my be aftering a batch because I had planned to seek the cyberspace about how to make an easy image book, but this was n't rather easy as I wrote in my planning. When searched it, I could n't acquire what to compose in the narrative of my image book. The starting of planning was incorrect that ‘s the error I had done, because of this I could n't make my deadline as the day of the month was assigned. After acquiring all the information about my undertaking, the concluding theoretical account was rather easy as I thought. I chose to make this research because I thought that I would n't be able to acquire the information which I needed to construct my undertaking. I learnt from this research that, I wo n't be able to compose a short 20-50 word narrative but I have to compose a 100-150 words narrative, because planetary heating has so much to talk about itself. I found this research really helpful and I got inspired by it.Analysis of Process and OutcomesI achieved my end after a batch of difficult work and ageless research. Yes my end was realistic because all the information was based on facts. Internet was the chief hunt engine.My research was really successful because all the determination were true although one can non be hundred percent sure. The aggregation of the information was the hard portion because seeking so many different sites and determination, and after that seting them down in order was another different undertaking. Hap jeopardy work would botch my merchandise. The easy portion of the undertaking on image book on planetary heating was aggregation of images, coiling binding, ornament was merriment to make and it added colour to my work which made my merchandise even more presentable and visually attractive.Evaluation of MerchandiseI think my merchandise was rather seccesful because I used composing work along pictures/representation so that it would be easir to understand. A diagram or exposure gives a better image, and do it easier for people to see. I besides did non utilize really hard Hagiographas, my informations was besides really simple and it was easy to follow. I did non travel in to many inside informations of planetary heating, I wanted to give a good overall position which was easy for everyone to follow/read. My planetary heating merchandise was such that it coverd all major points which caused planetary heating, all the subjects were good covered so I feel that my poject was successful in relation with the end. There are some basic alterations that I would make if I had to do this undertaking on planetary heating once more. I would do the background pages a little more bright and colorfull, although merely where it would be necessary. This clip I would travel into a little more higher degree of research, on every that I covered I woul add a litte more of composing merchandise, so that the individual who reads my undertaking wuld acquire a deatailed in formation on every subject on planetary heating Why I would make the above. First of wholly, to do it visually more attractive so the individual immedaetly pick up and read my work and secondly and a batch more particularization in informations and composing so that a individual gets a batch more in formation on every subject on planetary heating. Decision Most of things in the procedure of my personal undertaking worked really good, but some of them did non work as I thought they might. Besides that, another thing did non work really good was making a good temper to make my work in, if i had some other prep I would n't make my personal undertaking. The book I created was non every bit good as I wanted, every twenty-four hours I used to believe that should i alteration my subject or non but I did n't, is sticked together and complete my project.. My personal undertaking was really valuable non merely for me, but I hope besides for other people. By making this undertaking, I learned many things and I improve my creativeness accomplishments. I began to hold a new position of seeing the creativeness of my interior ego. I learned this because of my supervisor Mrs cathy Berra, this was n't really hard, but Is could n't make my due day of the months. I think this was the right subject for me, because it taught me a good lesson of doing undertakings. the undertaking essay was detaining my work. I could n't understand what to make in it. but eventually one got in the right path and finished it within a hebdomad ‘s clip.